Walkthrough for Raspberry Pi 3B fails to start physical device

Do you have attached serial console on device (or just use hdmi monitor?) If raspbian works then it is not likely HW problem. That is the reason why I asked to share bootlog. So if you don’t have serial console just when board boots and over monitor type

journalctl -b

this should print kernel messages and provide some info. Can you pls also try to provide output of:

ifconfig -a

Which version of poky you’re using?
There is already a topic Raspberry Pi 3 Model B/B+ which is same board as you use. Image from topic is tested on rocko, sumo and latest thud poky versions.
Thanks.